Fall Management Decisions (part 1 of 2)

		July	August		September	September
					Germination-Emergence
	Crop management (Amanda Silva)	Variety selection Use the OSU variety trial results and field history to select varieties adapted to your region and production system. It is recommended to plant varieties with different maturity ranges and resistant to the most prevalent diseases in your area.				Optimum time for planting dual-purpose system Planting around mid-September reduce risks from Hessian fly infestations and allow time for  good forage growth
		Prepare seed bed Buy good-quality seeds			Select varieties without high temperature germination sensitivity Planting around mid-September reduce risks from Hessian fly infestations and allow time for  good forage growth
		Control volunteer wheat Volunteer wheat must be completely dead for two weeks before planting a new wheat crop. Volunteer wheat can be killed with herbicides or tillage Volunteer wheat work as a "green bridge" for mites that can transmitt viruses diseases (WSMV, HPV, TrMV) and aphids (BYDV).  Increase risk from Hessia Fly instations.
	Nutrient management (Brian Arnall & Hailing Zhang)	soil sampling				Apply N, P and K for dual-purpose system
		Apply lime if soil test recommends Apply lime in acid soils early in the season, since soil acidity is a wide spread yield limiting factor in the state. Wheat varieties differ in their ability to grow under low soil pH. Optimum soil pH range for wheat is between 5.5 and 7.0			Add N-rich strips
	Insects (Tom Royer)					Scout for fall armyworm The suggested treatment threshold is 2-3 larvae per linear foot of row in wheat with active feeding
	Diseases (Bob Hunger)		If early planting, consider seed treatment
	Weeds (Misha Manuchehri)	Preplant burndown herbicides or tillage prior to planting			Apply PRE or delayed PRE herbicides

 Fall Management Decisions (part 2 of 2)

		October	October	November	December
		Germination-Emergence		Tillering	Tillering/Dormancy
	Crop management (Amanda Silva)		Optimum time for planting grain-only system	Assess crown root development before grazing	Environment and genetics influence tillering capacity
		Select varieties without high temperature germination sensitivity Planting around mid-September reduce risks from Hessian fly infestations and allow time for  good forage growth	3 leaves developed before tillering start and crown roots developing	Turn out cattle	Assess plant stands Plants may shown some cold injury, but should grow out of it
		Perform stand count		Test wheat forage for nutritive quality if grazed
	Nutrient management (Brian Arnall & Hailing Zhang)		Apply N, P and K grain-only system	Use a GreenSeeker to assess crop N status
		Add N-rich strips
	Insects (Tom Royer)	Scout for fall armyworm The suggested treatment threshold is 2-3 larvae per linear foot of row in wheat with active feeding
				Scout for greenbug
	Diseases (Bob Hunger)
	Weeds (Misha Manuchehri)	Apply PRE or delayed PRE herbicides		Apply PRE/POST herbicides for fall/winter emerging weeds

Spring Management Decisions (part 1 of 2)

	Management	January	February	March	March
		Dormancy	Green-up	Jointing	Flag leaf emergence
	Crop management (Amanda Silva)	Varieties require from 2 to 6 weeks of vernalization (with T<50F)	Start leaf elongation	Plant erect and first node
			Assess First Hollow Stem (FHS) Growth stage which occurs just prior to jointing. Time to remove cattle from the field if producer is in a dual purpose system	Assess First Hollow Stem	Assess spring-freeze injury The later it occurs during head and grain development the more it affects grain yield (temperature <24F can harm the developing head)
			Remove cattle before FHS if in DP system	Remove cattle before FHS if in DP system
			Count tillers per plant and estimate heads per sq. ft.
		Test wheat forage for nutritive quality if grazed	Test wheat forage for nutritive quality if grazed	Test wheat forage for nutritive quality if grazed
	Nutrient management (Brian Arnall & Hailin Zhang)	top-dress N application I		top-dress N application II
		Use a GreenSeeker to assess crop N status	Use a GreenSeeker to assess crop N status	Use a GreenSeeker to assess crop N status Aphid numbers average 10-20 per tiller, figure on a 5% loss, if 20-40 per tiller, figure a 7% loss, and if aphids are more than 40 per tiller, figure a 9% yield loss.
		Add N-rich strips
	Insects  (Tom Royer)	Scout for army cutworm Management of foliar diseases is critical to maintaining yield potential and producing quality grain
			Scout for aphids;
	Diseases (Bob Hunger)		Apply fungicide for foliar disease management;
	Weeds (Misha Manuchehri)		Apply PRE/POST herbicides for winter/spring emerging weeds
			Be cautious of products that cannot be applied past jointing or flag leaf emergence.

Spring Management Decisions (part 2 of 2)

	Management	April	April	May	June
		Boot	Heading	Grain filling	Physiological maturity
	Crop management (Amanda Silva)
		Assess spring-freeze  injury The later it occurs during head and grain development the more it affects grain yield		Attend to field days! Evaluate varieties for next season	Harvest
				Evaluate varieties for next season
	Nutrient management (Brian Arnall & Hailin Zhang)
				Head scab (Fusarium head blight) reduces yield and causes significant problems by resulting in grain with high levels of mycotoxins
	Insects  (Tom Royer)	Scout for armyworm
		Scout for aphids;
	Diseases (Bob Hunger)	Apply fungicide for foliar disease management;
			Apply fungicide to manage head scab
	Weeds (Misha Manuchehri)		Scout fields for identification of winter annual grass weeds that are headed out.
		Be cautious of products that cannot be applied past jointing or flag leaf emergence.	Harvest aid herbicides may be considered.

Developed by the Oklahoma State University Extension Team

Amanda de Oliveira Silva
 Small Grains Extension Specialist

Brian Arnall
 Precision Nutrient Management Specialist
 
Hailin Zhang
 Nutrient Management Specialist
 
Tom Royer
 Extension Entomologist
 
Bob Hunger
 Extension Wheat Pathologist
 
Misha Manuchehri
 Small Grains Extension Weed Specialist