Management of Insect and Mite Pests in Small Grains
Published Apr. 2021|Id: CR-7194
By
Tom Royer, Kristopher Giles
There are several arthropod pests that damage small grains sporadically throughout the region. Pesticides should not be a substitute for good agronomic practices or used as “preventative insurance”. Pesticide misuse can cause pest resurgence issues and is rarely economically or environmentally justifiable. Many small grain pest problems can be managed by following good cultural practices, such as selecting varieties that are adapted to Oklahoma growing conditions, planting at an optimal date and providing proper fertilization and good weed control.
The information herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products
or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and
no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is implied.
Pesticide recommendations in this publication were correct as of the “Modified Date" but always check the label that came with the purchased insecticide for the most current rates and restrictions.
The first name listed is the trade name of a product registered for use in corn for
the listed pest. The name in (parentheses) listed below the trade name is the name
of the active ingredient. The active ingredient name is provided because in many cases,
there are other registered products containing the same active ingredient that may
cost less, so producers should compare prices.
The number [in brackets] following a product is its Mode of Action number [MOA]. The
more frequently insecticides with the same MOA are used, the more likely resistance
will occur. This number provides an easy way to select different modes of action to
avoid selecting for pests that are resistant to a certain mode of action.
Refer to the following OSU publications for additional information.
- CR-7088 Effect of Planting Date and Seed Treatment on Diseases and Insect Pests of Wheat
- CR-7668 Foliar Fungicides and Wheat Production in Oklahoma
- CR-7191 The Glance-N-Go® Sampling System for Greenbugs: Questions and Answers
- EPP-7086 Hessian Fly Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat
- EPP-7093 Mites in Small Grains
- EPP-7094 Common Small Grain Caterpillars in Oklahoma
- EPP-7196 Grasshopper Management in Rangeland, Pasture and Crops
- EPP-7328 Wheat Streak Mosaic, High Plains Disease and Triticum Mosaic: Three virus diseases of wheat in Oklahoma
- L-490 Wheat Management Calendar
- PSS 2132 No-till Wheat Production in Oklahoma
- PSS-2139 Farmer-saved Wheat Seed in Oklahoma: Questions and Answers
- PSS-2142 Wheat Variety Comparison
- PSS-2145 Fusarium Head Blight (Head Scab) of Wheat: Questions and Answers
- PSS-2779 Diagnostic Service to Test for Herbicide-resistant Weeds in Oklahoma
- PSS-2786 Single Herbicides and Herbicide Premixes for Use in Winter Wheat
- PSS-2791 Herbicide Programs for Italian Ryegrass Control in Winter Wheat
Management of Insect and Mite Pests in Small Grains
| Pest, Damage and Treatment Threshold | Insecticide, Formulation, and [MOA Group] and (lb active ingredient (Active Ingredient) | Rate of Product and (lb active ingredient) per Acre | Comments |
|---|---|---|---|
| Aphids | Planting Time | ||
| Corn leaf aphid: blue green with black legs, cornicles and antennae; antennae less than ½ length of body | Cruiser 5FS [4A] (thiamethoxam) | 0.75 to 1.33 fl oz/cwt seed | Do not use treated seed as feed. Many seed treatment active ingredients are combined with fungicides and sold under various trade names. |
| English grain aphid: lime green, “spindly legs” with black antennae, cornicles and legs. Antennae more than ½ length of body. |
Gaucho 480 [4A] Gaucho XT [4A (imidacloprid) | 1 to 3 fl oz/cwt seed 3.4 fl oz/cwt seed | Some have grazing waiting periods, so read label carefully. |
| Bird cherry oat aphid: olive green with brownish-red spot on back around base of cornicles. | Nipsit [4A] (clothianidin) | 0.75 to1.79 fl oz/cwt seed | |
| Post-Plant | |||
| Besiege [3,28 (lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole) | 6.0 to 10.0 fl oz | 30-day PHI | |
| Rice root aphid is similar in appearance to bird cherry oat aphid, but tends to feed on crown, beneath the soil. | Cobalt [1B,3] or (chlorpyrifos + gamma-cyhalothrin) | 7 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw (other names Bolton, use labeled rates). |
| Greenbug: See greenbug section | Cobalt [1B,3] or (chlorpyrifos + lambda-cyhalothrin) | 6 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. |
| Russian wheat aphid: see Russian wheat aphid section. | Dimethoate 4EC [1B] (dimethoate) | 0.5 to 0.75 pt (0.25 to 0.375 lb ai/A) | Wheat only. 14-day waiting period for grazing, 35-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. |
| Bird cherry oat aphid can reduce yield, and is an important vector of Barley Yellow Dwarf virus. | Lorsban 4E [1B] (chlorpyrifos) |
0.5 to 1 pt (0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. (other names, Hatchet, Warhawk) |
| Threshold: Treat for bird cherry oat aphids if numbers exceed 30 per stem. Consider using low rate of seed treatment if forage + grain. There is no threshold for English grain aphid, for corn leaf aphid, or rice root aphid. | Malathion 5 EC [1B] (malathion) | 1.5 pt (0.93 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Fyfanon) |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 3.2 to 4.0 pt (0.02 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | Control may be variable. 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Respect, Respect EC) | |
| Proaxis 0.5 CS [3] (gamma-cyhalothrin) | 2.56 to 3.84 fl oz (0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, triticale. 30-day waiting period for harvest and fodder, 7 days for grazing harvest (check label for aphid species) | |
| Sivanto Prime [4D] (flupyradifurone) | 7.0 to 14.0 fl oz (0.09 to 0.137 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for forage, 21 days for harvest | |
| Transform WG [4C] (sulfoxaflor) | 0.75 to 1.5 oz (0.023 to 0.047 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing, 14 days for grain harvest. | |
| Warrior II [3] (lambda-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 fl oz (0.03 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. (other names; Grizzly, Kaiso, Silencer, Taiga) | |
| Army cutworm and Pale Western Cutworm |
|||
| Gray striped caterpillar that curls up in to a tight “C” when disturbed. Evident from January through March. | Baythroidr XL [3] (beta-cyfluthrin) | 1 to 1.8 fl oz. (0.016 to 0.028 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. |
| Damage: Cuts plants at soil line, can kill plants if it enters the crown. |
Besiege [3,28] (lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole) | 5.0 to 8.0 fl oz | 30-day PHI |
| Threshold: Tow to three caterpillars per foot of row if conditions are dry, if moisture is adequate, four to five per foot of row. | Cobalt [1B,3] or (chlorpyrifos + gamma-cyhalothrin) | 13 to 25 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. (other names Bolton, use labeled rates) |
| For more information, see EPP-7094 Common Small Grain Caterpillars in Oklahoma. | Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda-cyhalothrin) | 11 to 25 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. |
| Fastac CS [3] (alpha-cypermethrin) | 1.3 to 3.8 fl oz (0.008 to 0.025 lbi ai/A) | 14-day PHI | |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 1.28 to 4.0 fl oz (0.008 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. | |
| Proaxis 0.5 CS [3] (gamma-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 to 3.20 fl oz (0.0075 to 0.0125 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, triticale. 30-day waiting period for harvest and fodder, 7 days for grazing harvest (other names: Declare, Prolex) | |
| Stallion [1B, 3] (chlorpyrofos + zeta-cypermethrin) |
3.75 to 11.75 fl oz | 14-day Phi for forage, 28 days for grain or straw. | |
| Tombstone [3] (cyfluthrin) | 1.0 to 1.8 fl oz (0.016 to 0.028 lb ai/A) | 3-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. | |
| Warrior II [3] (lambda-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 fl oz (0.03 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. (other names; Grizzly, Kaiso, Silencer, Taiga) | |
| Armyworm | |||
| Dark green or brown caterpillar with five stripes along body. | Baythroid XL [3] (beta-cyfluthrin) | 1.8 to 2.4 fl oz (0.014 to 0.019 lb ai/A) | 1st and 2nd instars only. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. |
| Damage: Feed on flag leaf, awns and may “clip” heads. | Besiege [3,28] (lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole) | 6.0 to 10 fl oz | 30-day PHI. |
| Threshold: Treat if four to five unparasitized armyworms are found per foot of row. | Blackhawk [5] (spinosad) | 1.1 to 3.3 oz (0.025 to 0.075 lb ai/A) | 3-day for forage or hay, 21-day waiting period for harvest. |
| For more information, see EPP-7094 Common Small Grain Caterpillars in Oklahoma. | Cobalt [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + gamma- cyhalothrin) | 13 to 25 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. (other names Bolton, use labeled rates) |
| Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda- cyhalothrin) | 11 to 25 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. | |
| Coragen [28] (chlorantraniliprole) | 3.5 to 7.5 fl oz (0.045 to 0.098 lb ai) | 1 day PHI. | |
| Fastac [3] (alpha-cypermethrin) | 1.8 to 3.8 fl oz (0.012 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day PHI. | |
| Lannate LV [1A] (methomyl) | 0.75 to 1.5 pt (0.225 to 0.45 lb ai/A) | 10-day waiting period for grazing, 7-day waiting period for harvest. (other names, Annihilate) | |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 1.76 to 4.0 fl oz (0.011 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Respect, Respect EC) | |
| Prevathon [28] (chlorantraniliprole) |
14 to 20 fl oz (0.047 to 0.067 lb ai/A) | Barley, oats, triticale, wheat: 1 day PHI. | |
| Proaxis 0.5 CSr [3] (gamma-cyhalothrin) | 2.56 to 3.84 fl oz (0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, triticale. 30-day waiting period for harvest and fodder, 7 days for grazing harvest (other names: Declare, Prolex) | |
| Radiant [5] (spinetoram) | 3 to 6 oz | 21-day waiting period for grain, 4 days for forage. | |
| Stallion [1B, 3] (chlorpyrofos + zeta-cypermethrin) |
9.25 to 11.75 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28 days for harvest. | |
| Tombstone [3] (cyfluthrin) |
1.8 to 2.4 fl oz (0.028 to 0.038 lb ai/A) | 3-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest | |
| Warrior II [3] (lambda-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 fl oz (0.03 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. (other names; Grizzly, Kaiso, Silencer, Taiga) | |
| Brown wheat mite | |||
| Tiny red to dark brown mites that feed on leaves, associated with dry, hot weather. | Cobalt [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + gamma- cyhalothrin) | 7 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. (other names Bolton, use labeled rates) |
| Damage: Plants appear to be drought stricken | Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda- cyhalothrin) | 6 to 13 fl oz | (Cobalt advanced is chlorpyrifos + lambda cyhalothrin, different rates) |
| Threshold: Treat if mites and damage are evident | Dimethoate 4EC [1B] (dimethoate) | 0.33 to 0.5 pt (0.165 to 0.25 lb ai/A) | Wheat only. 14-day waiting period for grazing, 35-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. |
| For more information, see EPP-7093 Mites in Small Grains. | Lorsban 4E [1B] (chlorpyrifos) |
0.5 to 1 pt (0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. (other names, Hatchet, Warhawk) |
| Fall armyworm | |||
| Large, brown, green or black caterpillar with stripes, up to 1.5 inches. Has a light colored, inverted “Y” on head. | Baythroid XL [3] (beta-cyfluthrin) | 1.8 to 2.4 fl oz (0.014 to 0.019 lb ai/A) | 1st and 2nd instars only. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. |
| Damage: Eat small plants in Fall | Besiege [3,28] (lambda-cyhalothrin + chlorantraniliprole) | 6.0 to 10 fl oz | 30 day PHI. |
| Threshold: Treat if three to four larvae are found per foot of row AND feeding damage is evident. | Blackhawk [5] (spinosad) | 1.7 to 3.3 oz (0.04 to 0.075 lb ai/A) | 3-day for forage or hay, 21-day waiting period for harvest. |
| For more information, see EPP-7094 Common Small Grain Caterpillars in Oklahoma. | Cobalt [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + gamma- cyhalothrin) | 13 to 25 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. |
| Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda- cyhalothrin) | 11 to 25 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw (other names Bolton, use labeled rates). | |
| Coragen [28] (chlorantraniliprole) | 3.5 to 7.5 fl oz (0.045 to 0.098 lb ai) | 1-day PHI. | |
| Fastac [3] (alpha-cypermethrin) | 3.2 to 3.8 fl oz (0.02 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day PHI. | |
| Lannate LV [1A] (methomyl) | 0.75 to 1.5 pt (0.225 to 0.45 lb ai/A) | 10-day waiting period for grazing, 7-day waiting period for harvest. | |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 1.76 to 4.0 fl oz (0.011 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Respect, Respect EC) | |
| Prevathon [28] (chlorantraniliprole) | 14 to 20 fl oz (0.047 to 0.067 lb ai/A) | Barley, oats, triticale, wheat: 1-day PHI. | |
| Proaxis 0.5 CSr [3] (gamma-cyhalothrin) | 2.56 to 3.84 fl oz (0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, triticale. 30-day waiting period for harvest and fodder, 7 days for grazing harvest. (other names: Declare, Prolex) | |
| Radiant [5] (spinetoram) | 3 to 6 oz | 21-day waiting period for grain, 4 days for forage. | |
| Stallion [1B, 3](chlorpyrofos + zeta-cypermethrin) |
9.25 to 11.75 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28 days for harvest. | |
| Warrior II [3] (lambda-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 fl oz (0.03 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. (other names; Grizzly, Kaiso, Silencer, Taiga) | |
| False wireworm/Wireworm | |||
| Slender, hard bodied, wormlike larvae | Cruiser 5FS [4A] (thiamethoxam) | 0.75 to 1.33 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. Do not use surplus treated seed for feed or food. Follow label instructions for application and storage conditions. |
| Damage: Feed on kernels and newly germinated plants below the soil surface | Gaucho 480 [4A] Gaucho XT [4A (imidacloprid) | 1 to 3 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. 45-day waiting period for grazing. Do not use treated seed as feed. (other names; Attendant, Sativa IM Max, Senator) |
| Threshold: Treat if two larvae are found per foot2 | Nipsit [4A] (clothianidin) | 0.25 to 1.79 fl oz/cwt seed | Do not use treated seed as feed. |
| Products are not labeled specifically for false wireworm; performance varies with soil moisture and soil temperature. |
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| Grasshopper | |||
| Damage: May occur in mid-May through early June and August through October. MAy destroy field margins in fall, or chew leaves and clip heads in spring. | Cobalt [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + gamma- cyhalothrin) | 7 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw (other names Bolton, use labeled rates). |
| Threshold: 11 to 20 per yd2 in vegetation next to wheat three to seven per yd2 in the field. See EPP-7196 for additional information | Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda- cyhalothrin) | 6 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. |
| See EPP-7196 Grasshopper Management in Rangeland, PAstures, and Crops | Coragen [28] (chlorantraniliprole) | 2.0 to 5.0 fl oz (0.026 to 0.065 lb ai) | 1-day PHI |
| Dimethoate 4EC [1B] (dimethoate) | 0.75 pt (0.375 lb ai/A) | Wheat only. 14-day waiting period for grazing, 35-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. | |
| Lorsban 4E [1B] (chlorpyrifos) |
0.5 to 1 pt (0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. (other names, Hatchet, Warhawk) | |
| Malathion 5 EC [1B] (malathion) | 1.6 pt (0.93 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing or harvest. | |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 3.2 to 4.0 fl oz (0.02 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Respect, Respect EC). | |
| Prevathon [28] (chlorantraniliprole) | 8 to 20 fl oz (0.027 to 0.067 lb ai/A) | Barley, oats, triticale, wheat 1-day PHI | |
| Sevin XLR [1A] (carbaryl) | 0.5 to 1.5 qt (0.5 to 1.5 lb ai/A) | Wheat only; 21-day waiting period for harvest. | |
| Stallion [1B, 3](chlorpyrofos + zeta-cypermethrin) |
5.0 to 11.75 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28 days for harvest. | |
| Tombstone [3] (cyfluthrin) | 1.8 to 2.4 fl oz (0.028 to 0.038 fl oz/A) | 3-day waiting period for grazing; 30 days for harvest. | |
| Greenbug | Planting Time | ||
| Lime-green aphid with darker green stripe down back. Tips of legs, cornicles and most of antennae are black. | Cruiser 5FS [4A] (thiamethoxam) | 0.75 to 1.33 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. No grazing restriction. Do not use treated seed as feed. |
| Damage: Injures plants by injecting toxin, leaves turn yellow, then die. Occasional problem in fall or spring; occurs more commonly in warm, dry conditions. | Gaucho 480 [4A] Gaucho XT [4A (imidacloprid) | 1 to 3 fl oz/cwt seed 3.4 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. 45-day waiting period for grazing. Do not use treated seed as feed. (other names; Attendant, Sativa IM Max, Senator) |
| Threshold: Treatment thresholds depend on value of crop, and cost of control. To determine treatment threshold, and obtain a | Nipsit [4A] (clothianidin) | 0.75 to 1.79 fl oz/cwt seed | Do not use treated seed as feed. |
| Glance 'n Go sampling form, use the Cereal Aphid Expert System: http://entoplp.okstate.edu/gbweb/index3.htm | Post-Plant | ||
| Or contact your local county OCES office for information on determining thresholds and sampling. | Cobalt [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + gamma- cyhalothrin) | 7 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. |
| Or contact your local county OSU Extension office for information on determining thresholds and sampling. | Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda- cyhalothrin) | 6 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw (other names Bolton, use labeled rates). |
| Dimethoate 4EC [1B] (dimethoate) | 0.5 to 0.75 pt (0.25 to 0.375 lb ai/A) | Wheat only. 14-day waiting period for grazing, 35-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. | |
| Lorsban 4E [1B] (chlorpyrifos) |
0.5 to 1 pt (0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. (other names, Hatchet, Warhawk) | |
| Malathion 5 EC [1B] (malathion) | 1.5 pt (0.93 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Fyfanon) | |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 3.2 to 4 fl oz (0.02 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names; Attendant, Sativa IM Max, Senator) | |
| Proaxis 0.5 CS [3] (gamma-cyhalothrin) | 3.84 fl oz (0.015 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, triticale. 30-day waiting period for harvest and fodder, 7 days for grazing harvest (other names: Declare, Prolex) | |
| Sivanto Prime [4D] (flupyradifurone) | 7.0 to 14.0 fl oz (0.09 to 0.137 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing, 21 days for harvest. | |
| Transform WG [4C] (sulfoxaflor) | 0.75 to 1.5 oz (0.023 to 0.047 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing, 14 days for grain harvest. | |
| Warrior II [3] (lambda-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 fl oz (0.03 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. (other names; Grizzly, Kaiso, Silencer, Taiga) | |
| Hessian fly | |||
| Small, fragile mosquito-like fly (adult) larva is whitish, shiny, about 3/16 inches.
Flaxseed (puparium) is 3/16 inches, dark brown, inserted at joint of stem. |
Cruiser 5FS [4A] (thiamethoxam) | 0.75 to 1.33 fl oz/cwt seed | Do not use surplus treated seed for feed or food. Follow label instructions for application and storage conditions. |
| Damage: Stunts plants in fall, causes lodging of heads in spring. | Gaucho 480 [4A] Gaucho XT [4A (imidacloprid) | 1 to 3 fl oz/cwt seed 3.4 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. 45-day waiting period for grazing. Do not use treated seed as feed. |
| Threshold: No established threshold. Delayed planting will reduce the incidence of Hessian fly infestations, but there is no established "fly free" planting date for most of Oklahoma. Some wheat varieties are resistant to the common Hessian fly biotypes (A, B, C and D) found in Oklahoma. | Nipsit [4A] (clothianidin) | 1.79 fl oz/cwt seed | Do not use treated seed as feed. |
| See EPP-7086 Hessian Fly Management in Oklahoma Winter Wheat | Seed treatments will not provide control of spring brood Hessian fly. Seed treatment combined with later planting will improve effects of insecticide. | ||
| Consider using a resistant variety for added protection, see PSS-2142, Wheat Variety Comparison for variety ratings of resistance to Hessian fly. | |||
| Russian wheat aphid | Planting Time | ||
| Cruiser 5FS [4A] (thiamethoxam) | 0.75 to 1.33 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. No grazing restriction. Do not use treated seed as feed. | |
| Gaucho 480 [4A] Gaucho XT [4A (imidacloprid) | 1 to 3 fl oz/cwt seed | Wheat and barley. 45-day waiting period for grazing. Do not use treated seed as feed. (other names; Attendant, Sativa IM Max, Senator) | |
| Post-Plant | |||
| Baythroid XL [3] (beta-cyfluthrin) | 1.8 to 2.4 fl oz (0.014 to 0.019 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing; 30 days for harvest. | |
| Cobalt [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + gamma- cyhalothrin) | 7 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw (other names Bolton, use labeled rates). | |
| Cobalt Advanced [1B,3] (chlorpyrifos + lambda- cyhalothrin) | 6 to 13 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for forage and hay, 28 days for grain or straw. | |
| Dimethoate 4EC [1B] (dimethoate) | 0.5 to 0.75 pt (0.25 to 0.375 lb ai/A) | Wheat only. 14-day waiting period for grazing, 35-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. | |
| Lorsban 4E [1B] (chlorpyrifos) |
0.5 to 1 pt (0.25 to 0.5 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28-day waiting period for harvest. Two applications per season. (other names, Hatchet, Warhawk) | |
| Mustang MAXX [3] (zeta-cypermethrin) | 3.2 to 4.0 fl oz (0.02 to 0.025 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing or harvesting. (other names, Respect, Respect EC) | |
| Proaxis 0.5 CS [3] (gamma-cyhalothrin) | 2.56 to 3.84 fl oz (0.01 to 0.015 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, triticale. 30-day waiting period for harvest and fodder, 7-days for grazing harvest (other names: Declare, Prolex) | |
| Stallion [1B, 3](chlorpyrofos + zeta-cypermethrin) |
9.25 to 11.75 fl oz | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 28 days for harvest. | |
| Sivanto Prime [4D] (flupyradifurone) | 7.0 to 14.0 fl oz (0.09 to 0.137 lb ai/A) | 14-day waiting period for grazing, 21 days for harvest. | |
| Tombstone [3] (cyfluthrin) | 1.8 to 2.4 fl oz (0.028 to 0.038 lb ai/A) | 3-day waiting period for grazing; 30 days for harvest. | |
| Warrior II [3] (lambda-cyhalothrin) | 1.92 fl oz (0.03 lb ai/A) | Wheat, wheat hay, and triticale. 7-day waiting period for grazing, 30 days for harvest. (other names; Grizzly, Kaiso, Silencer, Taiga) | |
| Wheat curl mite | |||
| Tiny sausage-shaped mites that feed on leaves and heads. | No effective chemical control is registered. | Delayed planting and management of volunteer wheat may reduce problems. | |
| Damage: They do not cause direct damage, but are a vector for Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus and the virus that causes High Plains disease. | |||
| Threshold: None | |||
| White grub | |||
| “C” shaped whitish grub with a tan head and swollen tip of abdomen, measuring up to 1½ inches. | No effective chemical control is registered. | While there is no effective insecticide registered for white grub control, systemic seed treatments such as Gaucho or Cruiser may provide some suppression because they are labeled for control of white grubs in other crops; however, there is no Oklahoma data to support that possibility. | |
| Damage: Feed on roots. Cause stand loss, poor emergence and thin stands. |
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| Threshold: None | |||
| Winter grain mite | |||
| Tiny dark brown mites with red legs and a red spot on its abdomen. Prefer cool, moist climate, and are more active on cloudy days or evenings. | Malathion 5 EC [1B] (malathion) | 1.6 pt (1.25 lb ai/A) | 7-day waiting period for grazing or harvest. |
| Damage: Leaves appear stunted and silver colored. | *Other products, such as dimethoate (Dimate and others) and chlorpyrifos (Lorsban, Whirlwind and others) can be applied under 2ee regulations, however since this pest is not specifically labeled, the user assumes all responsibility for the application and results. | ||
| Threshold: No established threshold; treat if injury symptoms and mites are present. Day time temperatures that exceed 75 F will reduce populations. | |||
| For more information, see EPP-7093 Mites in Small Grains. |
Pre-harvest Intervals and grazing restrictions
| Baythroid XL | 3-day PHI for grazing, 30 days for harvest. Two applications/season |
|---|---|
| Blackhawk | 3-day PHI for grazing, 21 days PHI for harvest |
| Cobalt | 14-day PHI for grazing, 28 days for harvest. Two applications/season |
| Cruiser 5FS | No grazing restriction. |
| Dimethoate | 14-day PHI for grazing, 35 days for harvest. Two applications/season |
| Fastac | 14-day PHI. |
| Gaucho 480, XT | 45-day PHI for harvest or grazing |
| Lannate | 14-day PHI for harvest or grazing |
| Lorsban 4E | 14-day PHI for grazing, 28 days for harvest. Two applications/season. |
| Mustang MAXX | 14-day PHI for grazing or harvest |
| Nipsit | Do not feed treated grain. |
| Prevathon | 14-day PHI. |
| Proaxis 0.5EC | 30-day PHI for harvest or hay, 7 days for grazing |
| Prolex 1.25 CS | 30-day PHI for harvest or grazing |
| Radiant | 4-day PHI for grazing, 21 days for harvest. |
| Sivanto | 7-day PHI for grazing, 21-day PHI for harvest. |
| Stallion | 14-day PHI for grazing, 28-day PHI for harvest. |
| Transform | 7-day PHI for grazing, 14-day PHI for grain or straw harvest. |
| Warrior II | 7-day PHI for grazing, 30 days for harvest |
* Group numbers in brackets [#] preceding the insecticide name are used to designate the mode of action of the insecticide according to the classification system developed by the Insecticide Resistance Action Committee, (IRAC). It is intended to help in the selection of insecticides for preventative resistance management. If you make multiple applications for a specific pest during a growing season, simply select a registered insecticide with a different number for each application. To further delay resistance from developing, integrate other control methods into your pest management programs.
The pesticide information presented in this publication was current with federal and state regulations at the time of revision. READ and FOLLOW all LABEL directions.
The pesticide information presented in this publication was current with federal and state regulations at the time of printing. The user is responsible for determining that the intended use is consistent with the label of the product being used. Use pesticides safely. Read and follow label directions. The information given herein is for educational purposes only. Reference to commercial products or trade names is made with the understanding that no discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Cooperative Extension Service is implied.
Tom A. Royer
Extension Entomologist
Kristopher L. Giles
Regents Professor