Single Herbicides and Herbicide Premixes for Use in Winter Wheat
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Effective weed management is essential to improving the yield and quality of Oklahoma wheat. As herbicide resistant cases increase across the state, growers are forced to make more complicated weed management decisions. A useful strategy in managing or delaying resistance is the rotation of herbicides and use of herbicide premixes.
Applications of a single herbicide or herbicides having the same mode of action can be effective, but should be limited in a single growing season. Over-reliance on a single herbicide or mode of action places selection pressure on weed populations and may eventually select for resistant individuals. Management of resistant individuals is expensive as crop yield and quality decrease and money is spent on herbicides that are no longer working.
Herbicide premixes can be a useful strategy in resistance management. Effective mixtures broaden the spectrum of weed species controlled and often include more than one mode of action. The following two tables list several single herbicides and herbicide premixes. Before applying any herbicide, always consult the label for appropriate rates, tank-mix partners, plant-back intervals, geographic restrictions, spray carrier volumes, nozzles, and other special instructions.
Abbreviations:
lb = pound
ae = acid equivalent
gal = gallon
pt = pint
E or EC = emulsifiable concentrate
fl oz = fluid ounce
PRE = preemergence
oz = ounce
POST = post emergence
SG = soluble granule
EPOST = early postemergence
DF = dry flowable
Table 1. Single herbicides labeled for use in winter wheat.
| Single herbicide (manufacturer) | Common name | Use rate per acre | Herbicide mode of action | Wheat application timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2,4-D Amine or Ester (3.8 lb ae/gal) | 2,4-D Amine or Ester | 0.5-2 pt | Growth regulator | Only in spring (fully tillered) to pre-boot |
| Aim EC (FMC) | Carfentrazone | 0.5-2.0 fl oz | PPO inhibitor | PRE up to boot |
| Ally XP (DuPont) | Metsulfuron | 0.1 oz | ALS inhibitor | Hard dough to >10 days before harvest |
| Amber Custom-Pak (Syngenta) | Triasulfuron | 0.56 oz (PRE) or 0.28-0.56 oz (POST) | ALS inhibitor | PRE up to pre-boot |
| Axial XL (Syngenta) | Pinoxaden | 16.4 fl oz | ACCase inhibitor | 2 leaf to pre-boot |
| Beyond* (BASF) | Imazamox | 4-6 fl oz | ALS inhibitor | After tiller initiation to pre-jointing |
| Broclean, Brox 2EC, Moxy 2E, etc. (2 lb ae/gal) | Bromoxynil | 1.5-2 pt | PS II inhibitor | Emergence to boot |
| Dicamba, Clarity, etc. (4 lb ae/gal) | Dicamba | 2-4 fl oz | Growth regulator | PRE up to jointing |
| Everest 2.0 (Arysta LifeScience) | Flucarbazone | 0.50-1 fl oz | ALS inhibitor | 1 leaf to jointing |
| Express 50 SG (DuPont) | Tribenuron | 0.25-0.5 oz | ALS inhibitor | 2 leaf to pre-flag leaf |
| Glean XP (DuPont) | Chlorsulfuron | See label | ALS inhibitor | PRE or 2-leaf to pre-boot |
| Harmony SG (DuPont) | Thifensulfuron | 0.45-0.9 oz | ALS inhibitor | 2 leaf to pre-flag leaf |
| Olympus (Bayer) | Propoxycarbazone | 0.6 oz (PRE) or 0.6-0.9 oz (POST) | ALS inhibitor | Preplant up to pre-joint |
| Osprey (Bayer) | Mesosulfuron | 4.74 oz | ALS inhibitor | Emergence to jointing |
| Pre-Pare (Arysta LifeScience) | Flucarbazone | See label | ALS inhibitor | Preplant or PRE |
| PowerFlex HL (Dow) | Pyroxsulam | 3.5 oz | ALS inhibitor | 3 leaf to jointing |
| Metribuzin 75 DF | Metribuzin | See label | PS II inhibitor | 2 leaf to 4 tillers |
| Zidua (BASF) | Pyroxasulfone | See label | Shoot inhibitor | Delayed PRE or EPOST |
*Only apply Beyond to Clearfield or Clearfield Plus wheat varieties.
SEVERAL OF THESE HERBICIDES REQUIRE OR RECOMMEND THE USE OF AN ADJUVANT. SEE THE ADJUVANTS SECTION FOR EACH LABEL.
Table 2. Premix herbicides for use in winter wheat.
| Premix herbicide (manufacturer) | Use rate per acre | Component herbicides | Herbicide mode of action | Application timing |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Affinity BroadSpec (DuPont) | 0.4-1.0 oz | Thifensulfuron | ALS inhibitor | 2 leaf to pre-flag leaf |
| Tribenuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Agility SG (DuPont) | 1.6-3.2 oz | Dicamba | Growth regulator | 2 leaf to pre-joint |
| Thifensulfuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Tribenuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Metsulfuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Ally Extra SG (DuPont) | 0.3-0.5 oz | Thifensulfuron | ALS inhibitor | 2 leaf to pre-flag leaf |
| Tribenuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Metsulfuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Anthem Flex (FMC) | See label | Pyroxasulfone | Shoot Inhibitor | PRE to pre-spike or |
| Carfentrazone | PPO inhibitor | at spike up to 4 tillers | ||
| Axiom DF (Bayer) | See label | Flufenacet | Shoot Inhibitor | At spike to 2 leaf |
| Metribuzin | PS II inhibitor | |||
| Finesse Cereal and Fallow (DuPont) | 0.2-0.5 oz (Preplant and PRE) and 0.2-0.4 oz (POST) | Chlorsulfuron | ALS inhibitor | Preplant, PRE, or 1 leaf to pre-boot |
| Metsulfuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Harmony Extra SG (DuPont) | 0.45-0.9 oz depending on weed pressure | Thifensulfuron | ALS inhibitor | Preplant or 2 leaf to pre-flag leaf |
| Tribenuron | ALS inhibitor | |||
| Huskie (Bayer) | 13.5-15 fl oz | Pyrasulfotole | HPPD inhibitor | 1 leaf up to flag leaf emergence |
| Bromoxynil | PS II inhibitor | |||
| Orion (Syngenta) | 17 fl oz | Florasulam | ALS inhibitor | 3 leaf up to jointing |
| MCPA | Growth regulator | |||
| Pulsar (Syngenta) | 8.3-12.5 fl oz | Dicamba | Growth regulator | Prior to jointing |
| Fluroxypyr | Growth regulator | |||
| Rage D-Tech (FMC) | See label (PRE) 8-16 fl oz (POST) | Carfentrazone | PPO inhibitor | Preplant or 3 leaf up to jointing |
| 2,4-D Ester | Growth regulator | |||
| Rave (Syngenta) | 2-4 oz | Triasulfuron | ALS inhibitor | After emergence up to jointing |
| Dicamba | Growth regulator |
SEVERAL OF THESE HERBICIDES REQUIRE OR RECOMMEND THE USE OF AN ADJUVANT. SEE THE ADJUVANTS SECTION FOR EACH LABEL.
Misha R. Manuchehri
Weed Science Extension Specialist
Amanda de Oliveria Silva
Former Small Grains Extension Specialist
Victor R. Bodnar
Graduate Research Assistant
Josh Lofton
Cropping Systems Extension Specialist